As we established a few posts earlier, the idea is to utilize these two versions of the ship for the differing missions. For instance one ship would focus on ASuW as a primary mission and SOF insertion and support as a secondary mission and the other would focus on MW and ASW. In fact, it was established last post that the Mine Warfare (MW) ship needs to be able to support MH-53s. It really seems that the LCS-3 platform is the best to perform the ASuW and NSW needs and the LCS-2 would be best for MW and ASW.
As I referenced a few posts ago, for the original roots of the LCS program, I refer you to a
Proceedings article from September 2012 written by CAPT Robert Powers called "Birth of the Littoral Combat Ship".
What the article boiled down to was:
- CIC should be incorporated for quick communication and rapid decision making
- The ship should not be built out of aluminum.
- Manning should be low, but not so low it inhibits combat capability or maintenance. Maintenance must not suffer from low manning.
- New hull designs such as tri-hull should be explored
- Flight deck is important. UAVs and helos should be a large part of the ship's armament
- Perform counter battery fire against sites firing artillery or ASCMs
This post we will discuss the augmentation of the LCS-3 hull to accommodate the ASuW and SOF support (NSW) capability. Lockheed Martin, funnily also known as LockMart, has established that the LCS-1/LCS-3 design is scaleable. It can get as small as 85 meters and as big as a 150 meters. One hundred and fifty meters only a little short of a DDG-51!!! Can you imagine an LCS nearly the size of a Burke?!
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Goodness...but the principle is that the customer can chose any dimension in between. Since scalability is the case, and I am the customer, I would chose a dimension between the 118m and 150m ships to accommodate our missions of ASuW and SOF support.
Let's break down the ASuW and the SOF requirements in addition to the original requirements of performing counter battery fire against sites firing artillery or ASCMs.
ASuW::
Anti-surface warfare. That ranges from fighting other ships to warding off small boat attacks. After a lot of figuring I think that 8 or 16 Harpoons would engage larger combatants pretty well with the number probably resting at 8 due to the ship's arrangement. Even with re-enforcement, a 5" gun is probably about as big as this hull can take. A 76mm gun is more likely.
Fighting small boats: This one requires a lot more effort. Small boats are notoriously hard to kill. Phalanx CIWS can't kill them, 5" has a terrible time at long range, even ESSM can't kill them. Even if everyone aboard is dead from 5" shrapnel blasts or a few 20mm rounds from CIWS, if a suicide boat's engine is still functioning, it will still impact the ship, detonate, and accomplish its mission. This leads me to think that multiple layers need to be involved here. With
existing technology, the 76mm will do the job and can also bombard a shore. The 57mm cannot do both. A second layer could be to use the existing Mk46 30mm gun currently on the LCS-1 ships. I have heard stories from a Mk46 operator, and the gun is garbage. On to the next one...
There is also Phalanx Block 1B CIWS. However, Phalanx is only okay at this at short range. I would also hate to use up my Phalanx on a suicide boat when it can take down artillery rounds and missiles. What about Phalanx for the C-RAM and CIWS duty with the Mk38 Mod2 25mm gun as the anti-small boat capability? Well, we can, but the 25mm is relatively slow firing and still does not have a good record, even with the Mod 2 package. Is there another CIWS type of gun that can carry LOTS of large caliber ammunition that can destroy suicide boats? Yes, the 35mm Millennium Gun.
Millennium Gun:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ogwfPrV1fk This weapon can take small craft, CIWS, and C-RAM duties with a large, quickly reloadable magazine. While I will have to put the system's radar somewhere on the super structure, I think this provides the best utility for close in anti-boat, CIWS, and C-RAM missions.
Swarm tactics:This is a problem the Navy has been pussy footing around with for a LONG time. I believe the solution to this is to engage them as far away as effectively feasible. The 5" has so much trouble, because it is used at long ranges. The maneuvering boats are way out of the impact area by the time the 5" round arrives, reducing the 5" round's effectiveness to around 2-3 miles instead of its 11 mile max. A laser guided round (explained later) could cure this by engaging in a one-hot-one-kill engagement.
This brings me down to the idea of utilizing the 76mm Super Rapid-fire Oto gun. While narrated by Steven Hawking, this video gets the message across. It can go after air targets to a certain degree, engage small surface targets, and engage the coast if close enough.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mfqqsv7oinUSOF Support:This one requires the ability to deliver timely and effective gunfire support. For over 60 years the 5" gun has only been relied upon as a harassment weapon, never a weapon meant for destructive fire. The Course Corrective Fuse has been around for a long time, but only recently has the Navy been testing it on the 5" projectile. Now that it has been proven on the 5" HE round, the 5" gun can now effectively engage a specific target coordinate at maximum ranges. This finally gives the 5" gun a chance to be effective against specific forces and troops. With as light as LCS is and that the 5" gun is about the heaviest weapon it can employ, this gives the LCS the best possible chance to perform NGFS/NSFS and to perform counter battery fire.
It is also possible to produce a laser guided projectile using the guidance control group used by the 155mm Excalibur GPS guided round. A laser seeker head could be put in the nose of the round, and the 5" gun could have a laser guided 5" round capable of engaging targets designated by troops at a rate of fire of 20 rounds per minute. If the navy wanted to produce the Deadeye 5" laser guided round that was proven in the 1980s, the gun would have an extended range laser guided 5" round that could fire at 10 rounds per minute.
The 76mm gun can also engage in NSFS if within range.
Counter Battery:Previously mentioned with the Course Corrective Fuse and a notional laser guided round.
Helicopter capability:Since this ship is fitted for ASuW, it would be able to fit medium sized helicopters, specifically the AH-1s and H-60s. In an ASuW mission, it would carry 2 or more AH-1 Sea Cobras and a number of fixed wing Hunter or ScanEagle UAVs. Fire Scout is not needed. The Sea Cobras would be able to engage in anti-boat/anti-swarm engagements. With this in mind I would fit the ship with 2-3 Cobras and maybe 1 H-60. Otherwise on a SOF mission I would have 2 H-60s and 1 Cobra.
Self Defense from ASCMs:This one deals with the ship's VLS. Since we are dealing with the future here, we should keep in mind what is coming down the pike. LockMart is going to be finishing its new Mk41 capable super-sonic ASCM pretty soon. That will be the length of the Tomahawk (the longest VLS stick the US has). Despite other reports, the ESSM is also in a long stick (long VLS container). So, this ship needs to have the long (strike length) VLS tubes if possible. We would need to be able to accommodate at least 8 of these ASCMs and at least 8 ESSM canisters. How much and what else should be considered here?
SensorsThis one is tough. The LockMart pictures advertize SPY-1F being controlled by the Aegis WDS. That's cool, but that's super expensive...I am FAR more inclined to go with a reduced WDS utilizing the TRS-3D the ships already have and adding the SPQ-9B. That could be washed through the SSDS system the CVN/LHD/LHA/LPD/LSDs have. Those two radars provide a very, very nearly constant 360 degree radar coverage. Super expensive Aegis is probably not necessary here. The SLQ-32 would be a good idea, too. Honestly I am surprised they don't have them as default.
The vessel itself would be built to better construction standards (stronger hull) and the propulsion plant would be reduced to only produce a maximum of 30-33 knots. This 40 knot business requires 100,000 horsepower, and that's just stupid for a ship like this. There is no need for that kind of speed. I imagine we would be looking at a LockMart LCS 125 - 128 meters long.
In the end I think that this ASuW/SOF support ship needs to be equipped as follows:
1 x Mk45 Mod 4 5"/62caliber gun on the bow (or a 76mm gun in its place)
2 x 76mm SR guns on the forward most part of the flight deck (a 3rd if the 5" is replaced by a 76mm)
32 - 48 x Mk41 VLS (16 missiles on either side of the helicopter hangar and the possibility of 8-16 between the 5" gun and the super structure
2 x AH-1 Sea Cobras
8 x Scan Eagle short range UAVs
4 x Hunter long range UAVs
3 - 4 11 meter RHIBs
TRS-3D and SPQ-9B
SLQ-32
Here is how I have it basically blocked out as my first draft:
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File comment: If you take note here, I rotate the hangar VLS inline and perpendicular to the ship's centerline. The perpendicular takes up less beam but more of the length of the hangar. I wonder if that change in arrangement would offer enough usable space to make any kind of difference inside the hangar.
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As a basic outline, what do you think about this ASuW/SOF support version of the LCS?